Creating log files automatically#
An alternative (or complement) to creating log files explicitly is to use native functionality of the software to create them. This usually is triggered when using the command line to run the software, and thus may be considered an advanced topic. The examples below are for Linux/macOS, but similar functionality exists for Windows.
To automatically create a log file, run Stata from the command line with the -b
option:
stata -b do main.do
which will create a file main.log
in the same directory as main.do
.
Warning
For this to work, the filename cannot include spaces.
On Windows, follow instructions here.
To automatically create a log file, run R from the command line using the BATCH
functionality, as follows:
R CMD BATCH options infile outfile
where
infile
is the required input file with the code to be executedoutfile
is the name of an optional output file. Ifoutfile
is omitted, this will create a filemain.Rout
in the same directory asmain.R
.
Warning
On Windows, you may need to include the full path of R: C:\Program Files\R\R-4.1.0\bin\R.exe CMD BATCH main.R
If you prefer a different name for the output file, you can specify it.
R CMD BATCH main.R main.$(date +%F-%H:%M:%S).Rout
which will create a second-precise date-time stamped log file.
Finally, if you want to prevent R from saving or restoring its environment (by default, R CMD BATCH
does both), you can specify the --no-save
and --no-restore
options.
R CMD BATCH --no-save --no-restore main.R main.$(date +%F-%H:%M:%S).Rout
The most output, and the least “acquired” information, is obtained by running the following command:
R CMD BATCH --debugger --verbose --vanilla main.R main.$(date +%F-%H:%M:%S).Rout
Warning
If there are other commands, such as sink()
, active in the R code, the main.Rout
file will not contain some output.
To see more information, check the manual documentation by typing
?BATCH
(orhelp(BATCH)
) from within an R interactive session. Or by typingR CMD BATCH --help
from the command line.
To automatically create a log file, run MATLAB from the command line as follows:
matlab -nodisplay -r "addpath(genpath('.')); main" -logfile matlab.log
A similar command on Windows would be:
start matlab -nosplash -minimize -r "addpath(genpath('.'));main" -logfile matlab.log
In order to capture screen output in Julia and Python, on Unix-like system (Linux, macOS), the following can be run:
julia main.jl | tee main-$(date +%F-%H_%M)-${USER}.log
or
python main.py | tee main-$(date +%F-%H_%M)-${USER}.log
which will create a log file with everything that would normally appear on the console using the tee
command.
Takeaways#
your code runs without problem, after all the debugging.
your code runs without manual intervention, and with low effort
it actually produces all the outputs
your code generates a log file that you can inspect, and that you could share with others.
it will run on somebody else’s computer